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Retirees across the United States are rethinking where they want to spend their golden years—and increasingly, they’re packing up and heading south. A 2023 study by SmartAsset, analyzing U.S. Census Bureau data, reveals that Florida remains the most popular retirement destination, drawing tens of thousands of seniors each year with its tax advantages, warm climate, and rich lifestyle offerings.

Meanwhile, states like California are seeing a mass exodus of older adults, with many citing high taxes and cost of living as key drivers. Here’s a deeper look at what’s shaping retirement migration—and which states are gaining (and losing) the most.

Florida Leads the Pack—But Faces Slowing Growth

With a net gain of 44,504 residents aged 60 and older in 2023, Florida outpaced every other state in retiree migration. Despite the impressive figure, that number represents a notable decline from 2022, when the state welcomed over 77,000 retirees—suggesting that while still attractive, rising housing costs and insurance premiums may be giving some retirees pause.

Still, Florida's overall appeal remains strong. The Sunshine State’s no state income tax policy means retirees don’t pay taxes on Social Security, pensions, or IRA withdrawals. Add to that the absence of an estate or inheritance tax, and the financial appeal becomes clear.

According to WalletHub’s 2025 rankings, Florida was named the best state to retire in, factoring in affordability, health care access, and overall quality of life.

The Top 10 States Retirees Moved to in 2023

Here’s a breakdown of where retirees are heading based on net migration among those aged 60+:

1. Florida
   • Net migration: 44,504
   • Total population aged 60+: 6,515,453
2. North Carolina
   • Net migration: 20,369
   • Total population aged 60+: 2,610,422
3. Arizona
   • Net migration: 20,203
   • Total population aged 60+: 1,905,562
4. South Carolina
   • Net migration: 14,676
   • Total population aged 60+: 1,408,424
5. Georgia
   • Net migration: 13,789
   • Total population aged 60+: 2,370,455
6. Texas
   • Net migration: 10,050
   • Total population aged 60+: 5,889,582
7. Nevada
   • Net migration: 5,782
   • Total population aged 60+: 757,348
8. Idaho
   • Net migration: 5,182
   • Total population aged 60+: 463,084
9. Oklahoma
   • Net migration: 4,940
   • Total population aged 60+: 925,676
10. Delaware
    • Net migration: 4,519
    • Total population aged 60+: 296,881

Why Retirees Are Leaving California

On the other end of the spectrum, California lost more retirees than any other state in 2023, with a net migration loss of 56,858 among those 60 and over. Factors such as skyrocketing housing prices, higher taxes, and a growing cost of living are driving many long-time residents to look for more affordable retirement options elsewhere.

Beyond Finances: The Lifestyle Factor

While tax benefits are a big motivator, retirees are also drawn to states that support active, fulfilling lifestyles. Florida offers:

• Second-most miles of shoreline in the U.S.
• Top 10 rankings in volunteerism, theater companies, golf courses, and recreational opportunities
• A robust network of senior programs and services

Similarly, states like North Carolina, Arizona, and South Carolina are growing retirement havens due to their mild climates, lower property taxes, and expanding senior communities.

Final Thoughts: Planning Ahead for Retirement Relocation

As more Americans age into retirement, where to live becomes a major financial and lifestyle decision. The latest migration data offers a clear view of where trends are heading—and what retirees value most: tax relief, comfort, accessibility to care, and vibrant communities.

If you're planning your own retirement move, consider the cost of living, healthcare quality, tax implications, and community amenities before making your choice. The right move could mean a healthier, happier, and more financially sound retirement.